Product Name: 4-Chlorobutyric Acid
Synonyms: γ-Chlorobutyric acid; Butanoic acid, 4-chloro-
CAS Number: 928-51-8
Molecular Formula: C4H7ClO2
Molecular Weight: 122.55 g/mol
Recommended Use: Chemical intermediate, research applications, pharmaceutical manufacturing
Restrictions: For industrial use only, avoid direct contact or ingestion, keep out of reach of untrained personnel
Supplier: Use information from current provider for safety practices and emergency contact
Emergency Contact: Refer to local guidelines and company protocols for chemical emergencies
Classification: Corrosive to skin and eyes, irritant, harmful if swallowed, causes respiratory tract irritation
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation, harmful if swallowed
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, fumes, gas, mist, vapors, and spray; wash thoroughly after handling; wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, and face protection; do not eat, drink, or smoke while working
Potential Health Effects: Contact leads to burns on skin and eyes; inhalation can cause throat and lung irritation, coughing, and shortness of breath; ingestion leads to pain, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal injury
Label Elements: GHS pictogram with corrosion symbol for skin and eye damage, exclamation mark for irritation
Chemical Name: 4-Chlorobutyric acid
Concentration: ≥ 99% (typical purity for laboratory and industrial use)
Impurities: Trace organic acids, moisture, residual solvents below regulatory thresholds
Other Identifiers: EINECS Number: 213-173-2; RTECS: EN8225000
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, monitor for signs of respiratory distress, seek medical attention if symptoms such as coughing or throat discomfort persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash affected area with copious amounts of lukewarm running water for at least fifteen minutes, seek medical attention if irritation or burns develop
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, and get prompt medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water, seek immediate medical advice, show product label to medical personnel
Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically for corrosive substances; monitor airway and breathing, consider endoscopic evaluation of gastrointestinal injury if needed
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide; avoid direct water stream onto burning liquid
Hazards from Combustion: Generates toxic and irritating vapors such as hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide during combustion
Protective Equipment: Firefighters use self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical-resistant clothing to limit exposure
Specific Methods: Isolate fire scene, prevent runoff from entering drains or watercourses, control movement of chemical containers if safe
Special Hazards: Combustible liquid, releases toxic fumes under intense heat or fire, containers may rupture or explode in intense heat
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical splash goggles, impervious gloves, long-sleeved garments, and suitable respiratory protection in confined or unventilated areas
Emergency Procedures: Restrict unnecessary movement, evacuate unprotected people, ventilate area, avoid inhalation of vapors or contact with skin
Environmental Precautions: Prevent run-off to soil, surface water, or groundwater; absorb spills with inert material and collect for proper disposal; inform authorities as required by local regulations
Methods for Containment/Cleanup: Contain spill with diking materials such as sand, absorb with inert product, sweep into covered, labeled waste containers; wash spill site thoroughly after material pickup is complete
Handling: Use local exhaust ventilation to reduce vapor exposure; avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, and clothing; always handle in well-bundled, dry, and temperature-controlled environment
Hygiene Practices: Do not eat, drink, or smoke in processing areas; always wash hands and face after handling any chemical substance
Conditions for Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, in cool, dry, and well-ventilated places; protect from moisture, incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and bases; do not store near heat sources or open flame
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with strong bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents; store apart from food, feed, or fashion products
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits for 4-chlorobutyric acid; minimize workplace air levels to the lowest possible using local ventilation
Engineering Controls: Work in chemical fume hood; ensure sufficient air exchange; use closed systems for handling and transferring
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, lab-grade nitrile or neoprene gloves, impermeable clothing for skin protection, approved respirator if ventilation is inadequate
Workplace Practices: Keep eyewash stations and safety showers readily available, monitor airborne concentrations in high-use facilities, rotate tasks to limit individual exposure times
Appearance: Colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid, pungent acidic odor
pH (at 1% solution): Strongly acidic
Melting Point: -14°C
Boiling Point: 210°C
Flash Point: 102°C (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 0.17 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, diethyl ether
Density: 1.166 g/cm³ at 25°C
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 0.74
Evaporation Rate: Not rapid under normal conditions
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 400°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, susceptible to decomposition by heat, moisture, and strong oxidizers
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with bases, reducing agents, and oxidizers; can generate toxic gases when degraded
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, carbon oxides, small amounts of chlorine gas possible on thermal breakdown
Conditions to Avoid: Storage near open flame, high heat, prolonged exposure to air or moisture
Polymerization: Does not undergo hazardous polymerization under normal conditions of use
Likely Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, ocular contact
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): ~960 mg/kg; causes burning pain in mouth, esophagus, and stomach, followed by vomiting and diarrhea
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes burns, immediate pain, possible blistering
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Risk of severe eye injury; even short exposure can cause burns and loss of vision
Respiratory Sensitization: May lead to coughing, difficulty breathing, and mucous membrane irritation
Chronic Effects: Repeat exposure causes dermatitis, possible ulceration, may impair mucosal surfaces
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity: Not listed as a carcinogen, no strong evidence for mutagenic or teratogenic effects in available literature
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful in high concentrations to aquatic organisms, particularly to fish and invertebrates, can alter water pH
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to degrade in the environment through hydrolysis and biodegradation, but large releases pose local hazard
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low; log Kow below 1
Mobility in Soil: Moves readily in soil due to water solubility, risk of contaminating water sources
Other Adverse Effects: Generates acidic effluents, presents risk in spills to aquatic and terrestrial habitats; best practices involve secondary containment
Waste Treatment Methods: Incinerate under controlled conditions at licensed hazardous waste facility
Product Disposal: Do not dispose into drains, surface waters, or natural environments; follow local and national regulations for hazardous organic acids
Container Disposal: Rinse empty containers with copious water, after complete neutralization; send to licensed drum reconditioner or approved municipal landfill
Special Precautions: Consult environmental authority or chemical waste expert for best method; document all disposal practices to ensure compliance
UN Number: 3265
UN Proper Shipping Name: Corrosive liquid, acidic, organic, n.o.s. (4-Chlorobutyric acid)
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substances)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: Not classified as marine pollutant by international regulations, but spilled cargo requires incident response
Special Precautions: Secure packaging to avoid leaks or damage, segregate from incompatible substances during transport
Labels Required: Corrosive symbol, UN number, hazard class, emergency response number
Regulatory Status: Subject to national and international chemical safety regulations including OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), European REACH pre-registration
Safety Assessment: Requires risk assessment for significant workplace use according to local law
Chemical Inventory Listings: Listed on TSCA (US), EINECS (EU), DSL (Canada), and other appropriate regulatory inventories
Additional Requirements: Use of this chemical may require annual reporting under SARA Title III; user must review and comply with additional national and local environmental, safety, and health regulations
Labeling Obligations: Comply with GHS requirements in labeling, include statements for corrosion hazard, acute toxicity, and emergency measures
